Free Online Tools for the United Kingdom

Divide by 1.2 for the standard 20% rate: a 120 price contains 100 of goods and 20 of VAT. Do not take 20% of the gross figure — that gives 24 and is wrong, and it is the single most common mistake on a hand-written invoice. The reduced rate of 5% covers things like domestic fuel and child car seats, so divide by 1.05 there. Some goods are zero-rated rather than exempt, which is not the same thing: zero-rated sales still count toward your turnover and still let you reclaim input VAT, while exempt ones do not.

When your VAT-taxable turnover crosses the registration threshold in any rolling twelve months — not a calendar or tax year, which catches people out. The threshold has been 90,000 since April 2024. You must also register if you expect to cross it within the next thirty days alone. Registering voluntarily below the threshold can be worth it if your customers are themselves VAT-registered, because they reclaim what you charge and you reclaim your own input VAT. Check the current figure on gov.uk before acting on any calculator, including this one.

It is a leftover from the calendar change of 1752, when Britain moved from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar and eleven days vanished from September. The Treasury did not want to lose eleven days of revenue, so the year-end was pushed from 25 March to 5 April, and a further day was added in 1800. So the tax year runs 6 April to 5 April, personal allowances reset on that date, and ISA allowances do too. It has nothing to do with the calendar year and nothing to do with April being convenient.

Because the gallons are different sizes. An imperial gallon is about 4.546 litres; a US gallon is about 3.785. So the same car returns roughly twenty percent more miles per gallon on paper in Britain than in America without burning a drop less fuel. Comparing a UK MPG figure with a US one directly is meaningless unless you convert first. The converter here treats gallons as imperial by default and lets you switch, which matters if you are reading an American review of a car sold here.

Fourteen pounds, so 12 stone 4 is 172 pounds or about 78 kilograms. Stone survives almost entirely for body weight — nobody weighs luggage or shopping in it — and it persists because it produces small, easy numbers for a human being. Medical records and gyms increasingly use kilograms, which is why the same person meets both units in the same week. The converter shows stone with the leftover pounds separately, because 12.29 stone is not how anyone actually says it.

The annual allowance has been 20,000 across all your ISAs combined since 2017-18 — not 20,000 in each. It resets on 6 April with the tax year, and it does not carry over: an unused allowance is simply gone on 6 April. Interest and gains inside an ISA are free of income tax and capital gains tax, which is why an ISA at a given headline rate beats an ordinary savings account paying the same. The compound interest calculator will project the growth; it does not know your allowance, so keep the annual cap in mind yourself.

Yes, for consumer sales. UK law requires prices shown to consumers to include VAT, so the label is the price. This is the opposite of the United States, where tax is added at the register. Business-to-business pricing is often quoted excluding VAT instead, which is why a trade quote can look cheaper than a retail one for the same item — it is the same price described differently. If a quote does not say which it is, ask, because on a large job the difference is a fifth.

Because Britain uses A4 and the United States uses Letter, and they are different shapes. A4 is 210 by 297mm; Letter is about 216 by 279mm, so it is wider and shorter. An A4 document sent to a US printer loses roughly 18mm off the bottom, and a Letter document printed here leaves a gap and slightly narrow margins. When a PDF tool on this site asks for a page size, choose A4, and use "fit to page" in the print dialog for anything that arrived from America.